人教版高中英语选修八（Book 8 Unit 2)|澳门沙金在线平台

Unit 2 Cloning假设你是李津,与你以前的外籍教师Mrs Green 一直保持联系。克日她来信询问你的现状,请凭据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。

1.简要先容自己的学习和生活;2.见告你已成为八月底在津举行的第十三届全运会的志愿者,并先容为此所做的准备(如深入相识天津等);3.希望她有时机重访天津。注意: 1.词数不少于100;2.可适当加入细节,使内容充实、行文连贯;3.开头已给出,不计入总词数。参考词汇:第十三届全运会 the 13th National GamesDear Mrs Green,I'm so glad to hear from you. In your last letter, you asked me about my study and life. I'm very pleased to tell you that I have made great progress in my spoken English since you left. As for my life, I take exercise regularly and do more outdoor activities, which builds up my body and character as well.I have good news to tell you that I have been chosen to be a volunteer in the coming 13th National Games to be held in Tianjin at the end of August.To be a qualified volunteer, I made some preparations. I interviewed many people from all walks of life, which improved and deepened my understanding of Tianjin.I hope you can revisit Tianjin if you have a chance. Looking forward to seeing you again.Yours,Li Jin1.文章体裁:电子邮件。2.行文逻辑:引出话题→先容自己的情况→表达愿望。

3.词汇短语:运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如:be pleased to(兴奋做某事),make great progress(取得大进步),qualified(及格的)等。4.句式句法:运用了多样化的句式结构。

如:①宾语从句:that I have made great progress in my spoken English since you left;②定语从句:which builds up my body and character as well;③非谓语动词:To be a qualified volunteer…(不定式作目的状语);④状语从句:if you have a chance…(条件状语从句)等。Ⅰ.单词荟萃1.undertake vt.(undertook,undertaken) 着手;从事;负担2.forbid vt.(forbade,forbad;forbidden) 克制;禁绝3.own vt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……4.strike vi. & vt.(struck,struck) 打;撞击;歇工 n. 歇工5.differ vi.差别;相异→different adj.差别的→difference n. 差别;差异6.exact adj.准确的;准确的→exactly adv.恰好地;准确地;正确地7.commercial adj.商业的;商业的→commerce n.商业8.correction n.纠正;纠正;修正→correct vt.纠正adj.正确的;恰当的;规矩的9.object vi.阻挡;不赞成→objection n.不赞成;阻挡;异议→objective adj.客观的;就事论事的10.accumulate vt.& vi.积累;聚积→accumulation n.积累;增加11.retire vi.退休;脱离→retirement n.退休12.assumption n.假定;设想→assume vt.假定;设想13.regulation n.规则;规章;法例→regulate vt.调治;治理14.popularity n.受人喜爱;盛行→popular adj.盛行的,通俗的;受接待的15.initial adj.最初的;开始的→initially adv.最初;开始;起初16.resist vt.反抗;反抗→resistant adj.反抗的;有反抗力的→resistance n.反抗;反抗17.decoration n.装饰→decorate vt.装饰;装潢18.unable adj. 不能的;不会的→able adj. 有能力的;醒目的→ability n.能力19.fairly adv.公正地;相当地→fair adj.公正的20.reasonable adj.合情理的;讲原理的;公正的→reason n.原因;原理Ⅱ.短语检测1.pay off 取得乐成;偿清2.on the other hand 另一方面3.cast down 使失望;使沮丧4.be appropriate for/to 对于……来说合适5.make a correction to 修改……6.raise/cause a storm of 引发了……的风暴7.open sb's eyes to sth.使某人看清某事8.have an impact on 对……有影响9.in vain 白艰苦气;枉费心机10.in favour of 赞成;支持11.be bound to (do) 一定或注定(做)……12.strike…into one's heart 使……铭肌镂骨13.from time to time不时,偶然14.bring back to life 使复生;使复生15.in good/poor condition 状况很好(坏);情况很好(坏)Ⅲ.佳句再现1.while表现前后分句的对比关系,意为"然而;而"Cloning plants is straightforward __________________cloning animals is very complicated.2."全倒装+同位语从句"结构__________________(传来) the disturbing news__________________ Dolly had become seriously ill.3."with+宾语+已往分词"结构Diversity in a group means having animals __________________(基因的排列方式) in different ways.4.The advantage is that…"其优点是……",that引导表语从句__________________(优点是) if there is a new illness some of these animals may die…5. 已往分词作状语:based on…建设在……的基础之上__________________ (建设在……基础之上)what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.谜底：1.while　2. Then came; that　3.with their genes arranged　4. The advantage is that5. Based on【巧学助记】构词法影象 •否认前缀in-,多用于形容词前,表现"不,非"①complete adj.完整的→incomplete adj.不完整的②correct adj.准确的→ incorrect adj.禁绝确的③dependent adj.依赖的; 依靠的→independent adj.独立的,自主的纪律影象 •"from+名词+to+名词"型短语①from door to door挨家挨户②from tip to toe彻头彻尾,完全③from morning to(till) night从早到晚④from hand to mouth仅够生活⑤from beginning to end重新到尾⑥from bad to worse每况愈下⑦from start to finish自始至终单词点睛●1 differ v. (to disagree; to have another opinion)差别;相异(1)differ from 与……差别differ in (size, colour, age…)在……方面差别(2)make a/some/no difference有/有些/没有作用或影响be different from…in…在……方面与……差别【活学活用】(1)Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人的面部心情与动物的面部心情就刻意被控制的水平来说是纷歧样的。(2)I'm afraid I differ with you on that question.对于谁人问题,恐怕我与你有差别的看法。(3)The twin brothers are alike in appearance but differ greatly in character.这对孪生兄弟外貌很相像,但性格相差很大。

(4)语法填空。①Chinese eating and drinking habits differ greatly________________those in the West.②Was it on the matter of finance that they differed________________each other?③Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly________________size and shape.④What you have told me may make a difference________________my own position.⑤________________(differ) from cars, cycling is a means of environmentally friendly transportation.(5)一句多译。①That fashion ________________may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.②That fashion________________may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.差别国家的时尚差异可能从一个方面反映了文化差异。

谜底：(4)①from　②with　③in　④to　⑤Differing (5)①is different from country to country②differs from country to country●2 undertake vt.(to make oneself responsible for sth. or start a piece of work)着手;从事;负担;保证,允许undertake sth. 着手/从事/负担某事undertake to do sth. 保证/允许做某事undertake that… 保证……undertake responsibility/a task/a project负担责任/任务/工程【活学活用】(1)If you undertake the project, you are bound to meet with difficulties.如果你承接这项工程的话,免不了会遇到许多难题。(2)He undertook to deliver us at the airport at ten next morning.他担保第二天上午十点把我们送到机场。(3)A large number of Chinese companies________________large-scale projects in Africa.许多中国公司正在负担着非洲的大规模的项目。

(4)语法填空。①The police are said ________________(undertake) detailed investigations into the case at present.②Cooking, traditionally________________(undertake)by mothers, has been often taken over by fathers nowadays.③Whether or not the construction of the bridge________________(undertake) by our company remains to be seen.谜底：(3)are undertaking　(4)①to be undertaking　②undertaken　③will be undertaken●3 objection n. (disapproval; opposition; a feeling of dislike)不赞成;阻挡;异议(1)raise an objection 提出异议have an objection to 阻挡……an objection to 阻挡……(2)object to sb./sth. 阻挡某人/某事object to doing sth. 阻挡做某事object that… 阻挡……[温馨提示] (1)object to中的to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。

(2)object表现"阻挡",为不及物动词,接宾语需加介词to;oppose表现"阻挡",为及物动词,接宾语不需加介词to。be opposed to…表现"阻挡……,和……相反"。

【活学活用】(1)He raised a strong objection to (=strongly objected to) the plan because he thought it would be too expensive.他强烈阻挡这个计划,因为他认为这个计划价格太高。(2)The match was cancelled because most of the members objected to having a match without a standard court.因为大多数成员阻挡在没有一个尺度球场的情况下举行角逐,所以角逐取消了。(3)语法填空。①I have no objection________________your going, but you must promise to come back before ten.②As long as you can guarantee safety and low cost, we haven't any slightest_____________(object).③Do you have any objection to________________(change) your working hours?④The journalist had many pictures of the woman secretly taken even though she objected to______________(photograph).谜底：(3)①to　②objection　③changing　④being photographed●4 forbid vt. (forbade; forbidden) (to say that sb. mustn't do sth.; not to allow sb. to use)克制;禁绝;阻止;故障forbidden adj. 克制的forbid doing sth. 克制做某事forbid sb. to do sth.=forbid sb. from doing sth.克制某人做某事be forbidden to do sth 被克制做某事【活学活用】(1)As far as I can remember, this place used to forbid parking cars and bikes.在我的影象中,这个地方曾经克制停放汽车和自行车。

(2)Alcohol acts on the brain, so drivers are forbidden to drink it when they drive a car.酒精对大脑有影响,因此司机开车时克制饮酒。(3)The mother forbids her child to swim (=________________) in the river unless someone agrees to watch over.母亲不允许她的孩子去河里游泳,除非有人同意看护。(4)语法填空。

①The factory forbids the workers ________________smoking in the workshops.②The guard forbade us________________(look) out of the window when the train was moving.③Lack of space forbids________________(list) the names of all those who contributed.④For this writer there is no such thing as a________________(forbid) topic.谜底：(3)forbids her child from swimming　(4)①from　②to look　③listing　④forbidden●5 owe vt. (to have to pay; to be in debt for; to have to give)欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……(1)owe…to… 把……归功于……owe sb. sth.=owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物;把……归功于某人owe it to sb that… 多亏某人……owe thanks to sb. 谢谢某人(2)owing to=because of 幸亏,由于,因为[温馨提示] 如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句,可使用it作形式宾语,将充认真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。如:He owes it to his doctor's care that he is quite well again.他恢复得很好,他把这归功于医生的照顾。

【活学活用】(1)Thank you for the magazine you bought for me. How much do I owe you?谢谢您给我买来这本杂志,我该付您几多钱?(2)He owes his good health to plenty of exercise and a regular life.他把他身体康健归功于充实磨炼和生活有纪律。(3)We________________Marconi and Bell that we can now talk to the people on the other side of the world.今天我们之所以能够和远在地球另一端的人通话,应归功于马可尼和贝尔。(4)语法填空。

①He owed________________to his first English teacher that he had a good pronunciation.②She had a headache,______________(owe)to the weather here, but she is now accustomed to it.(5)一句多译。①________________, we succeeded in starting the engine.(介词短语)②________________we succeeded in starting the engine. (强调句型)多亏她帮助,我们才乐成启动了引擎。谜底：(3)owe it to (4)①it　②owing　(5)①Owing to her assistance②It was owing to her assistance that●6 bother v.(to give trouble to)打扰,贫苦 n.(trouble, inconvenience)烦恼;贫苦,未便bother sb. about/with sth. 贫苦某人某事can't be bothered to do/with doing sth.不愿为做某事而费心/嫌贫苦而不做某事have no/much/little bother (in) doing…做……不艰苦/很艰苦/险些不艰苦【活学活用】(1)You should keep your mind on the task, and not bother about personal gains or loss.你应该把心思放在事情上,不要患得患失。

(2)If you can't be bothered to move, I will have to fetch it myself.如果你懒得动,我只好自己去取了。(3)We had quite a lot of bother (in)________________ because of the fog.因为有雾,我们费了很大的劲儿才找到他的办公室。(4)语法填空。

①I am sorry I have bothered you________________so many questions.②Many times we just can't________________(bother) to do our very best work.③The famous movie star could hardly walk down the street without ________________(bother).④Since I moved here, my noisy neighbour ________________(bother) me.谜底：(3)finding his office　(4)①with　②be bothered　③being bothered　④has been bothering●7 strike vt.& vi.打,击;突然袭击;敲响;报时;给……以(深刻)印象(1)be struck by/with… 被……击中;(引申义)被……感动,迷恋……It strikes sb that (=It occurs to sb that)…某人突然想到……strike…into one's heart 使……铭肌镂骨(2)be/go on strike 歇工【活学活用】(1)Although scientists have made a breakthrough in the research of cancer, the word "cancer"still strikes terror into people's hearts.只管科学家们在癌症研究方面已取得了突破,"癌症"这个词仍然使人们感应恐惧。(2)Visitors to Beijing are usually struck by the great number of trees in the city.去北京的游客通常都市感应北京的树特别多。(3)Just as I was going downstairs, ________________I had left the door unlocked.就在我下楼时,我突然想起来忘了锁门了。

(4)语法填空。①Not until all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide to go ___________strike.②Her brother was struck________________heart disease when he was thirty.③On hearing the girl ________________(strike)by a truck has been sent to hospital by an ambulance, many people volunteered to donate blood.④China has promised not to use the nuclear weapon unless________________(strike) by the atom bombs.(5)一词多义。①He struck me as a very serious but friendly person.②A powerful earthquake struck the Italian island of Sicily early this morning.③At this point, it suddenly struck me that I was wasting my time.④One cannot but be struck by the enthusiasm of the representatives present.谜底：(3)it suddenly struck/hit/occurred to me that (4)①on　②with　③struck　④struck(5)①给……印象;让……以为　②侵袭,袭击　③突然想到,猛地意识到　④被感动●8 resist vt.反抗;反抗;抵制;忍耐(1)resist sb./sth. 反抗/抵制某人/某物resist doing sth. 抵制做某事can't/couldn't resist doing sth.禁不住做某事(2)resistance n. 抗拒;阻挡(3)resistant adj. 反抗的,反抗的be resistant to 对……有反抗力【活学活用】(1)They resisted my proposal because they thought the plan would cost too much money.他们阻挡我提出的计划,因为他们认为这个计划花钱太多。

(2)As the coat was a bargain at such a low price, I couldn't resist the temptation to buy it.因为这件外套售价实在自制,我抵不住诱惑买了下来。(3)The public are strongly resistant to(=________________) the new law before it comes into use.这项新法例还未实施就已经遭遇民众的强烈抵制。(4)语法填空。

①This disease is surprisingly difficult to catch as most people have a natural resistance__________it.②We came up against a great deal of ________________(resist) in dealing with the case.③The body may be less________________(resist) if it is cold.④I couldn't resist________________(laugh)when I heard the joke.谜底：(3)strongly resist　(4)①to　②resistance　③resistant　④laughing短语储存●1 pay off 获得好效果,取得乐成(常用主动语态);偿清债款pay for 为……付款;为……支付价格pay back 还钱;抨击pay a visit to 造访pay attention to 注意【活学活用】(1)Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off.桑德拉刻意成为医生,她的坚持取得了乐成。(2)It took Tom five months to pay off the bill he owed the baker.汤姆花了五个月时间还清了他欠面包商的账单。

(3)It was the determination and patience of the scientists ________________in 1996 with a breakthrough.正是刻意和耐心使得科学家们于1996年取得了突破性的乐成。(4)用pay相关短语的适当形式填空。①It has been rather costly to install the machine, but it should ________________in the long run.②Loss of health is too high a price to________________success in your studies.③I am sure that he will ________________every cent he owes you.谜底：(3)that paid off　(4)①pay off　②pay for　③pay back●2 cast down vt.扔掉;推翻;使下降;使沮丧(1)cast down one's eyes 垂下眼帘be/feel cast down 感应沮丧(2)cast/put/throw sb. into prison把某人投进牢狱cast light upon=throw light on使……容易明白【活学活用】(1)The manager cast down his newspaper when he saw the quotation of his speech.当司理瞥见报纸上引用了他的讲话时,他把报纸扔掉了。

(抛下,丢下)(2)The little girl cast down her eyes in shame.谁人小女孩儿羞愧地垂下眼光。(降低,使向下)(3)In making scientific experiments, one should not ________________by temporary setbacks.举行科学实验时,不应因为暂时的挫折就低头丧气。(使沮丧)(4)用cast相关短语的适当形式填空。

①Sylvia's been ________________ever since her mother became so ill.②Can anybody ________________how this chair got broken?③Tom's brother was ________________because of murder, and he will be in prison for thirty years.谜底： (3)be cast down　(4)①cast down　②cast light upon ③cast into prison●3 in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏;情况很好/坏in condition (=fit/healthy)　康健;状况好out of condition 状况欠佳on condition (that)… 在……条件下;倘若……on no condition 一点儿也不;决不(放在句首时,用部门倒装语序)[温馨提示] condition指人或物自身的状况时,常用作不行数名词;指周围的情况、境况、条件时,常用复数形式。on no condition置于句首时句子用部门倒装。【活学活用】(1)The car has been well maintained and is in good condition.这辆车一直调养得很好,车况极佳。

(2)If you spare half an hour for exercise every day, you'll soon be back in condition.如果你天天举行半小时磨炼,你很快就会恢复康健。(3)On no condition ________________to do that to your parents.在任何情况下,你都不被允许那样对你怙恃。(4)用condition的相关短语填空。

①You must ________________tell him what happened.②I'll let you have the book ________________you should return it to me next week.③He knew that he was________________from sitting for so long in the office.谜底： (3)are you allowed　(4)①on no condition ②on condition (that)　③out of condition●4 in favour of 赞成;支持;有利于;主张in praise of 表彰in honour/memory of 纪念in case of 如果,倘使in charge of 掌管in possession of 拥有in consequence of 由于,作为……的效果【活学活用】(1)What I'm trying to say is that your father changes his mind in favour of the employees.我要说的是,你父亲改变了主意,支持员工。(2)When asked about their opinion about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside in favour of younger men.当被问及对校长的看法时,许多老师更愿意/宁愿瞥见他让位给更年轻的人。

(3)用in的相关短语填空。①All his family are ________________his decision to work in the western area after graduation.②While reading, ________________coming across new words, you'd better guess their meanings rather than refer to the dictionary.③Mary told me that she was ________________some lovely jewels.④They had to move to another city ________________the typhoon.谜底：(3)①in favour of　②in case of ③in possession of　④in consequence of句型透视●1 The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 她看来是在正常地发展着,这个事实很是令人鼓舞。句型公式the fact that………的事实【句式点拨】本句是由that引导的一个同位语从句,用于解释和说明fact的内容。

引导词that不能省略。经常跟同位语从句的名词有fact, news, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question等。引导词有:毗连词that, whether;毗连代词who, which, what;毗连副词where, when, why, how等。[温馨提示] 使用同位语从句要注意以下两点:(1)同位语从句在句中的位置。

一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用于说明该名词所表达的详细内容。有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被此外词语离隔,这在语法上叫作分开式同位语从句。

如:The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她想起她可能在脱离家时没把门关上。(2)同位语从句的语气。

在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为"建议,要求,下令"的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用"should+动词原形"的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。如:The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule (should) be adopted.主席提出建议,应采取新规则。【活学活用】(1)I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them on the telephone. 我羡慕他经常在课外与学生谈天或通过电话与学生谈天。(2)Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents.只管她是家中的独生女,她怙恃从不溺爱她。

(3)From the loudspeaker came the exciting news ________________Beijing University.从扬声器里传来了激感人心的消息:她被北大录取。(4)语法填空。

①The idea ________________computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.②We are not investigating the question________________he is trustworthy.③We haven't yet settled the question______________we are going to spend our summer vacation.④He made a suggestion that they________________(hold) an English speech contest.谜底：(3)that she had been admitted to (4)①that　②whether　③where　④(should)hold●2 The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die,but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.其优点是如果泛起了某种新的疾病,这类动物中的一些可能会死掉,可是另外一些却能存活下来,而且把这种免疫力传给下一代。句型公式the advantage is that…优势是……【句式点拨】The advantage is that…意为"其优势是……",that引导表语从句。同类表达另有:The advantage/strength of…is that………的优势是……;The disadvantage/drawback of…is that………的不足/缺点是……。

【活学活用】(1)The advantage of the emotions is that they lead us astray, and the advantage of science is that it is not emotional.情感的利益就是把我们引入歧途,而科学的利益是不情感用事。(2)The advantage of smiling is that it can not only make us happy,but also please others.微笑的优势在于它不仅仅让我们兴奋,还能取悦别人。(3)I like fishing. ________________I can take in fresh air in the open air.我喜欢钓鱼。

其优势之一就是我可以呼吸户外的新鲜空气。(4)________________of the popularity of cars ____________it brings about so much air pollution.(drawback)汽车普及的缺点是它带来了许多空气污染。谜底：(3)One of its advantages is that　(4)The drawback; is that。

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